penury

As an adjective penary

is penal.

As a noun penury is

extreme want; poverty; destitution.

As nouns the difference between penury and insolvent

is that penury is extreme want; poverty; destitution while insolvent is one who is insolvent; an insolvent debtor.

As an adjective insolvent is

unable to pay one's bills as they fall due.

As nouns the difference between penitent and penury

is that penitent is penitent while penury is extreme want; poverty; destitution.

As an adjective penitent

is penitent.

As nouns the difference between taxonomy and penury

is that taxonomy is the science or the technique used to make a classification while penury is extreme want; poverty; destitution.

As nouns the difference between impoverishment and penury

is that impoverishment is the action of impoverishing someone while penury is extreme want; poverty; destitution.

As nouns the difference between poor and penury

is that poor is (with "the") those who have little or no possessions or money, taken as a group while penury is extreme want; poverty; destitution.

As an adjective poor

is with little or no possessions or money.

As nouns the difference between penury and penurity

is that penury is extreme want; poverty; destitution while penurity is rare variant of penury.