exclamation

As nouns the difference between statement and exclamation

is that statement is a declaration or remark while exclamation is a loud calling or crying out; outcry; loud or emphatic utterance; vehement vociferation; clamor; that which is cried out, as an expression of feeling; sudden expression of sound or words indicative of emotion, as in surprise, pain, grief, joy, anger, etc.

As a verb statement

is to provide an official document of a proposition, especially in the UK a Statement of Special Educational Needs.