Noun

(en noun)

A fact or statement used to support a proposition; a reason.

* Ray

There is no more palpable and convincing argument of the existence of a Deity.

A verbal dispute; a quarrel.

A process of reasoning.

* John Locke

The argument is not about things, but names.

(philosophy, logic) A series of propositions organized so that the final proposition is a conclusion which is intended to follow logically from the preceding propositions, which function as premises.

*

(mathematics) The independent variable of a function.

(programming) A value, or reference to a value, passed to a function.

* {{quote-web, date = 2011-07-20

, author = Edwin Mares , title = Propositional Functions , site = The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy , url = http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2011/entries/propositional-function , accessdate = 2012-07-15 }}

In ‘The Critic of Arguments’ (1892), Peirce adopts a notion that is even closer to that of a propositional function. There he develops the concept of the ‘rhema’. He says the rhema is like a relative term, but it is not a term. It contains a copula, that is, when joined to the correct number of arguments it produces an assertion. For example, ‘__ is bought by __ from __ for __’ is a four-place rhema. Applying it to four objects a'', ''b'', ''c'', and ''d'' produces the assertion that ''a'' is bought by ''b'' from ''c'' for ''d (ibid. 420).

Parameters are like labeled fillable blanks used to define a function whereas arguments are passed to a function when calling it, filling in those blanks.

(programming) A parameter in a function definition; an actual parameter, as opposed to a formal parameter.

(linguistics) Any of the phrases that bears a syntactic connection to the verb of a clause.

*

In numerous works over the past two decades, beginning with the pioneering work of Gruber (1965), Fillmore (1968a), and Jackendoff (1972), it has been argued that each Argument' (i.e. Subject or Complement) of a Predicate bears a particular ''thematic role'' (alias ''theta-role'', or ''θ-role'' to its Predicate), and that the set of ''thematic functions'' which ' Arguments can fulfil are drawn from a highly restricted, finite, universal set.

(astronomy) The quantity on which another quantity in a table depends.

The altitude is the argument of the refraction.

The subject matter of a discourse, writing, or artistic representation; theme or topic; also, an abstract or summary, as of the contents of a book, chapter, poem.

* Shakespeare

You and love are still my argument .

* Jeffrey

the abstract or argument of the piece

* Milton

[shields] with boastful argument portrayed

Matter for question; business in hand.

* Shakespeare

Sheathed their swords for lack of argument .

Noun

(studies)

(label) A state of mental perplexity or worried thought.

*:

*:wel said the kynge thow mayst take myn hors by force but and I my?te preue the whether thow were better on horsbak or I / wel said the knyght seke me here whan thow wolt and here nygh this wel thow shalt fynde me / and soo passyd on his weye / thenne the kyng sat in a study and bad his men fetche his hors as faste as euer they myghte

(label) Thought, as directed to a specific purpose; one's concern.

:

*(John Milton) (1608-1674)

*:Just men they seemed, and all their study bent / To worship God aright, and know his works.

Mental effort to acquire knowledge or learning.

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*1661 , , The Life of the most learned, reverend and pious Dr. H. Hammond

*:During the whole time of his abode in the university he generally spent thirteen hours of the day in study ; by which assiduity besides an exact dispatch of the whole course of philosophy, he read over in a manner all classic authors that are extant

*1699 , , Heads designed for an essay on conversations

*:Study gives strength to the mind; conversation, grace: the first apt to give stiffness, the other suppleness: one gives substance and form to the statue, the other polishes it.

*{{quote-magazine, year=2012, month=March-April, author=John T. Jost

, volume=100, issue=2, page=162, magazine=(American Scientist) , title= Social Justice: Is It in Our Nature (and Our Future)? , passage=He draws eclectically on studies of baboons, descriptive anthropological accounts of hunter-gatherer societies and, in a few cases, the fossil record.}}

The act of studying; examination.

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Any particular branch of learning that is studied; any object of attentive consideration.

*(William Law) (1686-1761)

*:The Holy Scriptures, especially the New Testament, are her daily study .

*(Alexander Pope) (1688-1744)

*:The proper study of mankind is man.

*{{quote-magazine, year=2013, month=September-October, author= Katie L. Burke

, magazine=(American Scientist), title= In the News , passage=Oxygen levels on Earth skyrocketed 2.4 billion years ago, when cyanobacteria evolved photosynthesis:

(senseid)A room in a house intended for reading and writing; traditionally the private room of the male head of household.

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*(Nathaniel Hawthorne) (1804-1864)

*:his cheery little study

An artwork made in order to practise or demonstrate a subject or technique.

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(label) A piece for special practice; an .