As nouns the difference between sateen and satin

is that sateen is a type of cotton cloth with a shiny surface and dull back, woven using the technique that, when applied to silk or nylon, results in cloth called satin while satin is a cloth woven from silk, nylon or polyester with a glossy surface and a dull back. (The same weaving technique applied to cotton produces cloth termed sateen).

As an adjective satin is

semi-glossy. Particularly describing a type of paint.