Noun

(en noun)

A piece of information describing, or an account of certain events given or presented to someone, with the most common adpositions being by (referring to creator of the report) and on (referring to the subject.

A report by the telecommunications ministry on the phone network revealed a severe capacity problem.

* {{quote-news

, year=2011 , date=December 16 , author=Denis Campbell , title=Hospital staff 'lack skills to cope with dementia patients' , work=Guardian citation , page= , passage=Hospitals are failing to care properly for the growing number of people with dementia, according to an NHS-funded report , which has prompted demands for big improvements to help patients.}}

(ballistics ) The sharp, loud sound from a gun or explosion.

* 1851 ,

While their masters, the mates, seemed afraid of the sound of the hinges of their own jaws, the harpooneers chewed their food with such a relish that there was a report to it.

* 1883:

...a pistol-shot, flash and report , came from the hedge-side.

an employee whose position in a corporate hierarchy is below that of a particular manager

Noun

(en noun)

* 1842 , Thomas Campbell, Frederick the Great and his Times , vol. II, p. 47:

Another account says that, on the morning of the 31st of May, the king delivered to the prince-royal the crown, the sceptre, and the key of his treasure and gave him his blessing. The privy-counsillor Vockerodt drew up at his desire a protocol of the transaction.

* 1970 , Matthew Smith Anderson, The Great Powers and the Near East, 1774-1923 , p. 32:

The terms of this protocol formed the basis for the Treaty of London signed by the British, French and Russian governments on 6 July 1827.

(international law) An amendment to an official treaty.

* 2002 , Philippe Sands, Principles of International Environmental Law , p. 917 n. 253:

The 1992 Protocol amended the definitions of other terms, including ‘ship’, ‘oil’ and ‘incident’: Art. 2.

The first leaf of a roll of papyrus, or the official mark typically found on such a page.

* 1991 , Leila Avrin, Scribes, Script, and Books , p. 146:

They marked the beginning of each scroll with their protocol''''', a practice that continued in the papyrus trade in the Byzantine Empire [...] into the Islamic period, when there were bilingual ' protocols in Greek and Arabic.

The official formulas which appeared at the beginning or end of certain official documents such as charters, papal bulls etc.

* 1985 , Archivum Historiae Pontificiae , v. 23, p. 14:

The protocol of the bull contains elements that appear to be formulaic by the time of John XVIII 's pontificate.

(sciences) The original notes of observations made during an experiment; also, the precise method for carrying out or reproducing a given experiment.

* 1931 , Gye & Purdy, The Cause of Cancer , p. 194:

The following is an abstract of the protocol of the experiment: Tumour extract. —A measured 16 c.c. of minced Rous Sarcoma tissue was ground with sand and extracted with 400 c.c. of 0.8-per-cent. saline.

The official rules and guidelines for heads of state and other dignitaries, governing accepted behaviour in relations with other diplomatic representatives or over affairs of state.

* 2009 , Laura Johnson, "A mwah too far", The Guardian , 19 Sep 2009:

Even the Queen (for whom the curtsey is a more standard address) was recently treated to an enthusiastic Obama embrace. Her Majesty, who is not normally known for partaking in such public displays of affection, seemed unperturbed by Michelle Obama's disregard for royal protocol .

(by extension) An accepted code of conduct; acceptable behaviour in a given situation or group.

* 2010 , The Guardian , 16 Jul 2010:

For those uncertain in the protocol of handshaking a formula for the perfect handshake has been devised by scientists at the University of Manchester.

(computing) A set of formal rules describing how to transmit or exchange data, especially across a network.

* 2006 , Zheng & Ni, Smart Phone and Next-Generation Mobile Computing , p. 444:

An exception is Jabber, which is designed based on an open protocol called the extensible messaging and presence protocol (XMPP).

(medicine) The set of instructions allowing a licensed medical professional to start, modify, or stop a medical or patient care order.