Refractory vs Recalcitrant - What's the difference?
refractory | recalcitrant |
Obstinate and unruly; strongly opposed to something.
*
* 1836 , ,
Not affected by great heat.
* '>citation
(medicine) Difficult to treat.
* 1949 , Albert Fields and John Hoesley, "
* 1990 , H. A. Ring et al'', "
(biology) Incapable of registering a reaction or stimulus.
* 1959 , Nobusada Ishiko and Werner R. Loewenstein, "
* 1970 , S.S. Barold et al'', "
A material or piece of material, such as a brick, that has a very high melting point.
Marked by a stubborn unwillingness to obey authority.
* 1908 , , "In Trust" in The Hermit and the Wild Woman and Other Stories :
* 1914 , , "Death at the Excelsior":
* 1959 June 8, "
Unwilling to cooperate socially.
Difficult to deal with or to operate.
* 2003 , Robert G. Wetzel, Solar radiation as an ecosystem modulator'', in E. Walter Helbling, Horacio Zagarese (editors), ''UV Effects in Aquatic Organisms and Ecosystems ,
* 2004 , Derek W. Urwin, Germany: From Geographical Expression to Regional Accommodation'', in (editor), ''Regions and Regionalism in Europe ,
* 2006 , Janet Pierrehumbert, Syllable structure and word structure: a study of triconsonantal clusters in English'', in Patricia A. Keating (editor), ''Phonological Structure and Phonetic Form ,
* 2010 , Brian J. Hall, John C. Hall, Sauer's Manual of Skin Diseases ,
* '>citation
Not viable for an extended period; damaged by drying or freezing.
Recalcitrant is a synonym of refractory.
As adjectives the difference between refractory and recalcitrant
is that refractory is obstinate and unruly; strongly opposed to something while recalcitrant is marked by a stubborn unwillingness to obey authority.As nouns the difference between refractory and recalcitrant
is that refractory is a material or piece of material, such as a brick, that has a very high melting point while recalcitrant is a person who is recalcitrant.refractory
English
Adjective
(en adjective)- Mr. Weller knocked at the door, and after a pretty long interval—occupied by the party without, in whistling a tune, and by the party within, in persuading a refractory flat candle to allow itself to be lighted
Neck and Shoulder Pain", Calif. Med. , 70(6):478–482.,
- Many of the vague and refractory cases of neck and shoulder pain and of migraine may be due to cervical disc disease.
Vigabatrin: rational treatment for chronic epilepsy", ''J. Neurol. Neurosurg.Psychiatry , 53(12):1051–1055,
- In 33 adult patients with long standing refractory epilepsy on treatment with one or two standard anti-convulsant drugs,
Electrical output of a receptor membrane]", [[w:Science (journal), Science], 1959, 130:1405-6,
- The production of a generator potential leaves a refractory state in the receptor membrane
Chest wall stimulation in evaluation of patients with implanted ventricular-inhibited demand pacemakers", ''Br. Heart J. , 32(6):783–789,
- The delineates the pacemaker refractory period after the emission of a pacing stimulus and after the sensing of a spontaneous beat.
Synonyms
* (obstinate) contrary (inanimates), fractiousDerived terms
* refractorily * refractoriness * refractory periodNoun
(refractories)recalcitrant
English
Adjective
(en adjective)- His nimble fancy was recalcitrant to mental discipline.
- There was something in her manner so reminiscent of the school teacher reprimanding a recalcitrant pupil that Mr. Snyder's sense of humor came to his rescue.
Kenya: The Hola Scandal," Time :
- Kenya's official "Cowan Plan," named after a colonial prison administrator, decreed that recalcitrant prisoners "be manhandled to the site and forced to carry out the task."
page 13:
- The more labile organic constituents of complex dissolved and particulate organic matter are commonly hydrolyzed and metabolized more rapidly than more recalcitrant organic compounds that are less accessible enzymatically.
page 47:
- The Hansa had no legal status, independent finances or a common institutional framework, while the major weapon against recalcitrant members (or opponents) was the threat of embargo.
page 179:
- Particularly recalcitrant examples which made it impossible to remove actual words while maintaining the balance of the set were resolved by altering a consonant in the base word to create a new base form.
page 251:
- However, when a clinician is faced with a more recalcitrant case, it is important to remember to ask the patient whether psychological, social, or occupational stress might be contributing to the activity of the skin disorder.