Predicate vs Antecedent - What's the difference?
predicate | antecedent |
(grammar) The part of the sentence (or clause) which states something about the subject or the object of the sentence.
*
(logic) A term of a statement, where the statement may be true or false depending on whether the thing referred to by the values of the statement's variables has the property signified by that (predicative) term.
*
(computing) An operator or function that returns either true or false.
To announce or assert publicly.
(logic) To state, assert.
To suppose, assume; to infer.
* 1859 , Charles Dickens, A Tale of Two Cities :
* 1881 , Thomas Hardy, A Laodicean :
(originally US) To base (on); to assert on the grounds of.
* 1978 , Michel Foucault, The Will to Knowledge , trans. Robert Hurley (Penguin 1998, page 81):
Earlier, either in time or order.
presumptive
Any thing that precedes another thing, especially the cause of the second thing.
An ancestor.
(grammar) A word, phrase or clause referred to by a pronoun.
* Fowler
*
(logic) The conditional part of a hypothetical proposition.
(math) The first term of a ratio, i.e. the term a'' in the ratio ''a:b , the other being the consequent.
As nouns the difference between predicate and antecedent
is that predicate is (grammar) the part of the sentence (or clause) which states something about the subject or the object of the sentence while antecedent is antecedent (any thing that precedes another thing).As a verb predicate
is to announce or assert publicly.As an adjective antecedent is
antecedent, preceding.predicate
English
(wikipedia predicate)Alternative forms
* (archaic)Etymology 1
From (etyl) predicat (French , as Etymology 2, below.Noun
(en noun)- In "The dog barked very loudly", the subject is "the dog" and the predicate is "barked very loudly".
- In the light of this observation, consider Number Agreement in a sentence like:
(120) They'' seem to me [S — to be ''fools''/?''a fool'']
Here, the Predicate''' Nominal ''fools'' agrees with the italicised NP ''they'', in spite of the fact that (as we argued earlier) the two are contained in different Clauses at S-structure. How can this be? Under the NP MOVEMENT analysis of ''seem'' structures, sentences like (120) pose no problem; if we suppose that ''they'' originates in the — position as the subordinate Clause Subject, then we can say that the '''Predicate Nominal agrees with the ''underlying'' Subject of its Clause. How does ''they get from its underlying position as subordinate Clause Subject to its superficial position as main Clause Subject? By NP MOVEMENT, of course!
- A nullary predicate''' is a proposition. Also, an instance of a ' predicate whose terms are all constant — e.g., P(2,3) — acts as a proposition.
- A predicate can be thought of as either a relation (between elements of the domain of discourse) or as a truth-valued function (of said elements).
- A predicate is either valid, satisfiable, or unsatisfiable.
- There are two ways of binding a predicate''''s variables: one is to assign constant values to those variables, the other is to quantify over those variables (using universal or existential quantifiers). If all of a '''predicate' s variables are bound, the resulting formula is a proposition.
- Thus, in (121) (a) persuade'' is clearly a ''three-place Predicate''''' — that is, a '''Predicate''' which takes three Arguments: the first of these Arguments is the Subject NP ''John'', the second is the Primary Object NP ''Mary'', and the third is the Secondary Object S-bar [''that she should resign'']. By contrast, ''believe'' in (121) (b) is clearly a ''two-place '''Predicate''''' (i.e. a '''Predicate which has two Arguments): its first Argument is the Subject NP ''John'', and its second Argument is the Object S-bar [''that Mary was innocent ].
Derived terms
* nominal predicative * predicatable * predicate calculus * predicative adjective * predicativelyEtymology 2
From (etyl) .Verb
(predicat)- There was a character about Madame Defarge, from which one might have predicated that she did not often make mistakes against herself in any of the reckonings over which she presided.
- Of anyone else it would have been said that she must be finding the afternoon rather dreary in the quaint halls not of her forefathers: but of Miss Power it was unsafe to predicate so surely.
- The law is what constitutes both desire and the lack on which it is predicated .
External links
* * * English heteronyms ----antecedent
English
(wikipedia antecedent)Adjective
(-)- an event antecedent to the Biblical Flood
- an antecedent cause
- an antecedent improbability
Noun
{{examples-right, sense=linguistics: expression referred to by pronoun, examples= * In “The policeman asked the boy what he was doing.”, the phrase “the boy” is the antecedent of the pronoun “he”. * In the sentence “I saw my girlfriend yesterday wearing her old jacket which is odd because she almost never wears it.”, the phrase “my girlfriend” is the antecedent of “her” and “old jacket” is the antecedent of “it”.}} (en noun)- [W]hereas it might seem orderly that, as who'' is appropriated to persons, so ''that'' should have been appropriated to things the antecedent of ''that is often personal.
- One such condition can be formulated in terms of the
c-command relation defined in (9) above: the relevant condition is given in (16)
below:
(16) C-COMMAND CONDITION ON ANAPHORS
An anaphor must have an appropriate c-commanding antecedent
- (rfex)