Over vs And - What's the difference?
over | and |
Thoroughly; completely; from beginning to end.
* 1661 , ,
From an upright position to being horizontal.
Horizontally; left to right or right to left.
From one position or state to another.
Overnight (throughout the night).
Again; another time; once more; over again.
(cricket) A set of six legal balls bowled.
Any surplus amount of money, goods delivered, etc.
* 2008 , G. Puttick, Sandy van Esch, The Principles and Practice of Auditing (page 609)
Physical positioning.
# On top of; above; higher than; further up.
#* (Henry Wadsworth Longfellow) (1807-1882)
#* {{quote-magazine, year=2013, month=September-October, author=(Henry Petroski)
, magazine=(American Scientist), title= # Across or spanning.
#* (Francis Bacon) (1561-1626)
#* , chapter=3
, title= #* {{quote-magazine, date=2013-06-29, volume=407, issue=8842, page=72-3, magazine=(The Economist)
, title= # In such a way as to cover.
# From one physical position to another via an obstacle that must be traversed vertically, first upwards and then downwards.
By comparison.
# More than; to a greater degree.
# Beyond; past; exceeding; too much or too far.
# (label) As compared to.
(label) Divided by.
Finished with; done with; from one state to another via a hindrance that must be solved or defeated; or via a third state that represents a significant difference from the first two.
While]] using, (especially) while [[consume, consuming.
* 1990 , (Seymour Chatman), Coming to Terms , , ISBN 0801497361, page 100[http://books.google.com/books?id=loD1JXOtmTYC&pg=PA100&dq=relax]:
* 1998 , Marian Swerdlow, Underground Woman , , ISBN 1566396107, page 88 [http://books.google.com/books?id=jIK3DGkOwYkC&pg=PA88&dq=croissants]:
* 2009 , Sara Pennypacker, The Great Egyptian Grave Robbery , , ISBN 9780545207867, page 79:
Concerning or regarding.
* {{quote-magazine, date=2013-08-10, volume=408, issue=8848, magazine=(The Economist)
, title= Above, implying superiority after a contest; in spite of; notwithstanding.
In radio communications: end of sentence, ready to receive reply.
As a coordinating conjunction; expressing two elements to be taken together or in addition to each other.
#Used simply to connect two noun phrases, adjectives or adverbs.
#* c. 1430' (reprinted '''1888 ), Thomas Austin, ed., ''Two Fifteenth-century Cookery-books. Harleian ms. 279 (ab. 1430), & Harl. ms. 4016 (ab. 1450), with Extracts from Ashmole ms. 1429, Laud ms. 553, & Douce ms. 55 [Early English Text Society, Original Series; 91], London:
#*:
#*:In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth.
#*1817 , (Jane Austen), Persuasion :
#*:as for Mrs. Smith, she had claims of various kinds to recommend her quickly and permanently.
#*2011 , Mark Townsend, The Guardian , 5 November:
#*:‘The UKBA has some serious explaining to do if it is routinely carrying out such abusive and unlawful inspections.’
#Simply connecting two clauses or sentences.
#*1991 , (Jung Chang), Wild Swans :
#*:When she saw several boys carrying a huge wooden case full of porcelain, she mumbled to Jinming that she was going to have a look, and left the room.
#*2011 , Helena Smith & Tom Kington, The Guardian , 5 November:
#*:"Consensus is essential for the country," he said, adding that he was not "tied" to his post and was willing to step aside.
#Introducing a clause or sentence which follows on in time or consequence from the first.
#*1996 , David Beasley, Chocolate for the Poor :
#*:‘But if you think you can get it, Christian, you're a fool. Set one foot upcountry and I'll kill you.’
#*2004 , Will Buckley, The Observer :, 22 August:
#*:One more error and all the good work she had done on Friday would be for nought.
#(label) Yet; but.
#*1611 , Authorised (King James) Version, Bible , Matthew XXII:
#*:Hee said, I goe sir, and went not.
#Used to connect certain numbers: connecting units when they precede tens (not dated); connecting tens and units to hundreds, thousands etc. (now chiefly UK); to connect fractions to wholes.
#*1863 , (Abraham Lincoln), ‘Gettysburg Address’:
#*:Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth, upon this continent, a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that "all men are created equal".
#*
#*:In Chicago these latter were receiving, for the most part, eighteen and a half cents an hour, and the unions wished to make this the general wage for the next year.
#*1956 , (Dodie Smith), (title):
#*:The One Hundred and One Dalmatians.
# Used to connect more than two elements together in a chain, sometimes to stress the number of elements.
#*1623 , (William Shakespeare), Julius Caesar , First Folio, II.2:
#*:And these does she apply, for warnings and' portents, / ' And euils imminent; and on her knee / Hath begg'd, that I will stay at home to day.
#*1939 , Langley, Ryerson & Woolf, The Wizard of Oz (screenplay):
#*:Lions, and' tigers, ' and bears! Oh, my!
#Connecting two identical elements, with implications of continued or infinite repetition.
#*1611 , Authorised (King James) Version, Bible , Psalms CXLV:
#*:I will extol thee, my God, O king; and I will bless thy name for ever and ever.
#*2011 , Jonathan Watts, The Guardian , 18 March:
#*:He was at work in a nearby city when the tsunami struck. ‘As soon as I saw it, I called home. It rang and rang, but there was no answer.’
#Introducing a parenthetical or explanatory clause.
#*1918 , , Prime Ministers and Some Others :
#*:The word "capable" occurs in Mr. Fisher's Bill, and rightly, because our mental and physical capacities are infinitely varied.
#*2008 , The Guardian , 29 Jan 2008:
#*:President Pervez Musharraf is undoubtedly sincere in his belief that he, and he alone, can save Pakistan from the twin perils of terrorism and anarchy.
#Introducing the continuation of narration from a previous understood point; also used alone as a question: ‘and so what?’.
#*1611 , Authorised (King James) Version, Bible , Revelation XIV:
#*:And I heard a voice from heaven, as the voice of many waters, and as the voice of a great thunder: and I heard the voice of harpers harping with their harps.
#*1861 , (Charles Dickens), Great Expectations :
#*:‘You take it smoothly now,’ said I, ‘but you were very serious last night, when you swore it was Death.’ ‘And so I swear it is Death,’ said he, putting his pipe back in his mouth.
#*1914 , (Saki), ‘The Lull’, Beasts and Superbeasts :
#*:‘And , Vera,’ added Mrs. Durmot, turning to her sixteen-year-old niece, ‘be careful what colour ribbon you wear in your hair.’
#
#*1817 , (Jane Austen), Sanditon :
#*:Beyond paying her a few charming compliments and amusing her with gay conversation, had he done anything at all to try and gain her affection?
#*1989 , (James Kelman), A Disaffection :
#*:Remember and help yourself to the soup! called Gavin.
#Introducing a qualitative difference between things having the same name; "as well as other".
#*1936 , The Labour Monthly , vol. XVIII:
#*:Undoubtedly every party makes mistakes. But there are mistakes and mistakes.
#*1972 , Esquire , vol. LXXVIII:
#*:"There are managers and there are managers," he tells me. "I'm totally involved in every aspect of Nina's career."
#Used to combine numbers in addition; plus (with singular or plural verb).
#*1791 , (James Boswell), Life of Samuel Johnson :
#*:‘Nobody attempts to dispute that two and two make four: but with contests concerning moral truth, human passions are generally mixed.’
#*1871 , (Lewis Carroll), Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There :
#*:‘Can you do Addition?’ the White Queen asked. ‘What's one and' one '''and''' one '''and''' one '''and''' one '''and''' one '''and''' one '''and''' one '''and''' one ' and one?’
(label) Expressing a condition.
#
#*1485 , Sir Thomas Malory, Le Morte Darthur , Book VII:
#*:"Where ys Sir Launcelot?" seyde King Arthure. "And he were here, he wolde nat grucche to do batayle for you."
#*1526 , William Tyndale, trans. Bible , Matthew XIV:
#*:Peter answered, and sayde: master, and thou be he, bidde me come unto the on the water.
#*1958 , (Shirley Ann Grau), The Hard Blue Sky :
#*:"And he went slower," Mike said softly, "he go better."
#(label) As if, as though.
#*1600 , (William Shakespeare), A Midsummer Night's Dream , I.2:
#*:I will roare you, and 'twere any Nightingale.
#(label) Even though.
#*Francis Bacon
#*:As they will set an house on fire, and it were but to roast their eggs.
As an adverb over
is , above.As a preposition over
is over.As a proper noun and is
.over
English
(wikipedia over)Derived terms
*Adverb
(-)The Life of the most learned, reverend and pious Dr. H. Hammond
- During the whole time of his abode in the university he generally spent thirteen hours of the day in study; by which assiduity besides an exact dispatch of the whole course of philosophy, he read over in a manner all classic authors that are extant
Noun
(en noun)- ...standard cash count forms used to record the count and any overs or unders.
Preposition
(English prepositions)- Over them gleamed far off the crimson banners of morning.
The Evolution of Eyeglasses, passage=The ability of a segment of a glass sphere to magnify whatever is placed before it was known around the year 1000, when the spherical segment was called a reading stone,
- Certain lakespoison birds which fly over them.
Mr. Pratt's Patients, passage=My hopes wa'n't disappointed. I never saw clams thicker than they was along them inshore flats. I filled my dreener in no time, and then it come to me that 'twouldn't be a bad idee to get a lot more, take 'em with me to Wellmouth, and peddle 'em out. Clams was fairly scarce over that side of the bay and ought to fetch a fair price.}}
A punch in the gut, passage=Mostly, the microbiome is beneficial. It helps with digestion and enables people to extract a lot more calories from their food than would otherwise be possible. Research over the past few years, however, has implicated it in diseases from atherosclerosis to asthma to autism.}}
- Six diners in business clothes—five attractive young women and a balding middle-aged man—relax over cigarettes.
- Sunday had been my favorite day at Woodlawn. A long W.A.A. [="work as assigned" period], having coffee and croissants with Mark over the Sunday Times .
- Over meatloaf and mashed potatoes (being careful not to talk with his mouth full), Stanley told about his adventure.
Can China clean up fast enough?, passage=It has jailed environmental activists and is planning to limit the power of judicial oversight by handing a state-approved body a monopoly over bringing environmental lawsuits.}}
Usage notes
When used in the context of "from one location to another", over'' implies that the two places are at approximately the same height or the height difference is not relevant. For example, if two offices are on the same floor of a building, an office worker might say ''I'll bring that over''' for you'', while if the offices were on different floors, the sentence would likely be ''I'll bring that up [down] for you.'' However, distances are not constrained, e.g. ''He came '''over''' from England last year and now lives in Los Angeles'' or ''I moved the stapler '''over to the other side of my desk.Interjection
(en interjection)- How do you receive? Over !
References
* Andrea Tyler and Vyvyan Evans, "The semantic network for over''", in ''The Semantics of English Prepositions: Spatial Scenes, Embodied Meaning and Cognition , Cambridge University Press, 2003, 0-521-81430 8Statistics
*and
English
(wikipedia and)Etymology 1
From (etyl) and, an, from (etyl) and, ond, .Alternative forms
* et (obsolete)Conjunction
(English Conjunctions)374760, page 11:
- Soupes dorye. — Take gode almaunde mylke
Quotations
* (English Citations of "and")Usage notes
(Usage notes)- Beginning a sentence with and or other coordinating conjunctions is considered incorrect by classical grammarians arguing that a coordinating conjunction at the start of a sentence has nothing to connect, but use of the word in this way is very common. The practice will be found in literature from Anglo-Saxon times onwards, especially as an aid to continuity in narrative and dialogue. The OED'' provides examples from the 9th century to the 19th century, including one from Shakespeare’s ''King John:'' “''Arthur''. Must you with hot Irons, burne out both mine eyes? ''Hubert.'' Young boy, I must. ''Arthur''. And will you? ''Hubert . And I will.” It is also used for other rhetorical purposes, especially to denote surprise
(O John! and you have seen him! And are you really going?—1884 in OED )
and sometimes just to introduce an improvised afterthought(I’m going to swim. And don’t you dare watch—G. Butler, 1983)
It is, however, poor style to separate short statements into separate sentences when no special effect is needed: I opened the door and I looked into the room'' (not *''I opened the door. And I looked into the room''). Combining sentences or starting with ''in addition'' or ''moreover is preferred in formal writing. - is often omitted for contextual effects of various kinds, especially between sequences of descriptive adjectives which can be separated by commas or simply by spaces
(The teeming jerrybuilt dun-coloured traffic-ridden deafening city—Penelope Lively, 1987)
is a well-established tag added to the end of a statement, as inIsn’t it amazing? He has a Ph.D. and all—J. Shute, 1992
With the nominal meaning “also, besides, in addition”, the use has origins in dialect, as can be seen from the material from many regions given in the English Dialect Dictionary (often written in special ways, e.g., ). In many of the examples it seems to lack any perceptible lexical meaning and to be just a rhythmical device to eke out a sentence.