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Language vs Tribelet - What's the difference?

language | tribelet |

As nouns the difference between language and tribelet

is that language is (lb) a body of words, and set of methods of combining them (called a grammar), understood by a community and used as a form of communication or language can be a languet, a flat plate in or below the flue pipe of an organ while tribelet is a small tribe of native americans (diminutive of tribe); specifically ; small independent groups of native california people which shared a language and usually comprised of one principal village - larger groups possibly having several villages all in close proximity.

As a verb language

is to communicate by language; to express in language.

language

English

Etymology 1

(etyl) language, from (etyl) language, from .

Noun

{{examples-right, The English Wiktionary uses the English language' to define words from all of the world's ' languages .


This person is saying "hello" in American sign language . }} (wikipedia language)
  • (lb) A body of words, and set of methods of combining them (called a grammar), understood by a community and used as a form of communication.
  • * 1867', ''Report on the Systems of Deaf-Mute Instruction pursued in Europe'', quoted in '''1983 in ''History of the College for the Deaf, 1857-1907 (ISBN 0913580856), page 240:
    • Hence the natural language' of the mute is, in schools of this class, suppressed as soon and as far as possible, and its existence as a ' language , capable of being made the reliable and precise vehicle for the widest range of thought, is ignored.
  • * {{quote-book, page=50, year=1900, author=(w)
    • , title= The History of the Caliph Vathek , passage=No language could express his rage and despair.}}
  • * 2000 , Geary Hobson, The Last of the Ofos (ISBN 0816519595), page 113:
    • Mr. Darko, generally acknowledged to be the last surviving member of the Ofo Tribe, was also the last remaining speaker of the tribe's language .
  • (lb) The ability to communicate using words.
  • (lb) The vocabulary and usage of a particular specialist field.
  • *
    • Thus, when he drew up instructions in lawyer language , he expressed the important words by an initial, a medial, or a final consonant, and made scratches for all the words between; his clerks, however, understood him very well.
  • The expression of thought (the communication of meaning) in a specified way.
  • * 2001 , Eugene C. Kennedy, ?Sara C. Charles, On Becoming a Counselor (ISBN 0824519132):
    • A tale about themselves [is] told by people with help from the universal languages of their eyes, their hands, and even their shirting feet.
  • A body of sounds, signs and signals by which animals communicate, and by which plants are sometimes also thought to communicate.
  • A computer language; a machine language.
  • * 2015 , Kent D. Lee, Foundations of Programming Languages (ISBN 3319133144), page 94:
    • In fact pointers are called references in these languages' to distinguish them from pointers in ' languages like C and C++.
  • (lb) Manner of expression.
  • * (rfdate) Cowper:
    • Their language simple, as their manners meek,
  • (lb) The particular words used in a speech or a passage of text.
  • (lb) Profanity.
  • *{{quote-book, page=500, year=1978, author=James Carroll
    • , title= Mortal Friends, isbn=0440157897 , passage="Where the hell is Horace?" ¶ "There he is. He's coming. You shouldn't use language ."}}
    Synonyms
    * (form of communication) tongue, speech (spoken language) * (vocabulary of a particular field) lingo (colloquial), jargon, terminology, phraseology, parlance * (computer language) computer language, programming language, machine language * (particular words used) phrasing, wording, terminology
    Derived terms
    * artificial language * auxiliary language * bad language * body language * computing language * constructed language * endangered language * extinct language * foreign language * formal language * foul language * international language * language barrier * language code * language cop * language death * language extinction * language family * language lab, language laboratory * language model * language of flowers * language planning * language police * language pollution * language processing * language school * language shift * language technology * language transfer * languaging * machine language * mathematical language * mind one's language * natural language * pattern language * programming language * private language * secular language * sign language * speak someone's language * standard language * vehicular language * vernacular language
    Related terms
    * langue * lingual * linguine * linguistics * tonguage

    Verb

  • To communicate by language; to express in language.
  • * (rfdate) Fuller:
    • Others were languaged in such doubtful expressions that they have a double sense.

    See also

    * lexis, term, word * bilingual * linguistics * multilingual * trilingual

    Etymology 2

    Alteration of (m).

    Noun

    (en noun)
  • A languet, a flat plate in or below the flue pipe of an organ.
  • * 1896 , William Horatio Clarke, The Organist's Retrospect , page 79:
    • A flue-pipe is one in which the air passes through the throat, or flue, which is the narrow, longitudinal aperture between the lower lip and the tongue, or language'.

    Statistics

    * ----

    tribelet

    English

    Noun

    (en noun)
  • A small tribe of Native Americans (diminutive of tribe); specifically ; small independent groups of Native California people which shared a language and usually comprised of one principal village - larger groups possibly having several villages all in close proximity.
  • * 1994 , Leventhal et. al., Back from Extinction , "The Ohlone: Past and Present Native Americans of the San Francisco Bay Region." Ballena Press Publication, page 299-300:
    • Kroeber’s emphasis on the small scale of indigenous California social organizations led him to attach the diminutive "-let"''' to the anthropologically normative term '''"tribe" .
  • * 1925 , Kroeber, Alfred L. Handbook of the Indians of California . Washington, D.C: Bureau of American Ethnology: Bulletin No. 78, page 474:
    • The second feature, dialectic separateness, of course is an old story for California, but elsewhere in the state each idiom is usually common to a considerable number of tribelets or "village communities."
  • * 1978 , Levy, Richard. Costanoan'', in ''Handbook of North American Indians, vol. 8 (California) :
    • The larger tribelets usually had several permanent villages.
  • * 1994 , Leventhal et. al., ‘’Back from Extinction’’, ibid., page 299-300:
    • Tribelet ...defined a political and geographical unit comprising several units, usually including a principal and most powerful central village, tied by relations of kinship.

    Usage notes

    Tribelet is considered pejorative to the Californian natives. Per Leventhal, (1994:299-300), "this term, almost universally accepted by anthropologists, historians, educators, and cultural resource management (CRM) archaeologists, is considered demeaning by Ohlone, Esselen and other California Indian people. Tribelet has been employed by many influential anthropologists and authors who have followed Kroeber (Heizier 1974, 1978; Levy 1978, Margolin 1978, Milliken 1983, 1990) maintaining an impression of extremely small and provincial cultures that lacked forms of large-scale organization." Milliken (1995:13n) has suggested the word is not used outside of California for comparable people groups and may fall out of favor in academic circles: "Most California anthropologists refer to the contact-period political groups of west Central Coast California as 'tribelets', following Kroeber (1932). Yet 'tribelet' has not taken hold as a term to describe similar multifamily landholding groups in other hunter-gathering and agricultural societies."

    See also

    * Kroeberian

    References

    Kroeberian definition: * Kroeber, Alfred L. Handbook of the Indians of California . Washington, D.C: Bureau of American Ethnology: Bulletin No. 78, page 474. * Cook, Sherburne F. 1976. ‘’The Population of the California Indians, 176901970’’. Berkeley, CA: Univestiy of California Press, June 1976, page 14. ISBN 0-520-02923-2 * Levy, Richard. 1978. Costanoan'', in ''Handbook of North American Indians, vol. 8 (California) . William C. Sturtevant, and Robert F. Heizer, eds. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1978, page 485. ISBN 0-16-004578-9 / 0160045754. Diminutive of tribe: * Leventhal, Field, Alverez, Cambra, ‘’Back from Extinction’’, published by Bean, Lowell John, editor, ‘’The Ohlone: Past and Present Native Americans of the San Francisco Bay Region.’’ Menlo Park, CA: Ballena Press Publication, 1994, page 299-300. ISBN 0-87919-129-5. Usage notes: * Milliken, Randall. ''A Time of Little Choice: The Disintegration of Tribal Culture in the San Francisco Bay Area 1769-1910,’’ Menlo Park, CA: Ballena Press Publication, 1995, page 13n. ISBN 0-87919-132-5 (alk. paper).