Adjective

(en adjective)

Without intention; unintentional.

He involuntarily overheard the conversation.

Not voluntary or willing; contrary or opposed to explicit will or desire; unwilling.

He found himself the involuntary witness in the trial.

Adjective

(-)

Not consensual; done without consent

*{{quote-news, year=2007, date=February 18, author=Ezekiel Emanuel, title=Unequal treatment, work=New York Times citation

, passage=“Researchers who exploit African-Americans,” Washington writes, “were the norm for much of our nation’s history, when black patients were commonly regarded as fit subjects for nonconsensual , nontherapeutic research.” }}