In botany terms the difference between flower and lodicule

is that flower is a reproductive structure in angiosperms (flowering plants), often conspicuously colourful and typically including sepals, petals, and either or both stamens and/or a pistil while lodicule is a small scale at the base of the ovary of a flower of a grass.

As nouns the difference between flower and lodicule

is that flower is a colorful, conspicuous structure associated with angiosperms, frequently scented and attracting various insects, and which may or may not be used for sexual reproduction while lodicule is a small scale at the base of the ovary of a flower of a grass.

As a verb flower

is to put forth blooms.