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Equivalent vs Substitute - What's the difference?

equivalent | substitute |

In transitive terms the difference between equivalent and substitute

is that equivalent is to make equivalent to; to equal while substitute is in the phrase "substitute X with/by Y", to use Y in place of X; to replace X with Y.

As an adjective equivalent

is similar or identical in value, meaning or effect; virtually equal.

equivalent

English

(wikipedia equivalent)

Alternative forms

* (archaic)

Adjective

(en adjective)
  • Similar or identical in value, meaning or effect; virtually equal.
  • * South
    • For now to serve and to minister, servile and ministerial, are terms equivalent .
  • * {{quote-magazine, date=2012-03
    • , author=(Henry Petroski) , title=Opening Doors , volume=100, issue=2, page=112-3 , magazine= citation , passage=A doorknob of whatever roundish shape is effectively a continuum of levers, with the axis of the latching mechanism—known as the spindle—being the fulcrum about which the turning takes place. Applying a force tangential to the knob is essentially equivalent to applying one perpendicular to a radial line defining the lever.}}
  • (mathematics) Of two sets, having a one-to-one correspondence; equinumerous.
  • * Comprehensive MCQ's in Mathematics , page 3:
    • Finite sets A and B are equivalent sets only when n''(A) = ''n''(B) ''i.e. , the number of elements in A and B are equal.
  • * 1950 , E. Kamke, Theory of Sets , page 16:
    • All enumerable sets are equivalent to each other, but not to any finite set.
  • * 2000 , N. L. Carothers, Real Analysis , page 18:
    • Equivalent' sets should, by rights, have the same "number" of elements. For this reason we sometimes say that '''equivalent sets have the same ''cardinality .
  • * 2006 , Joseph Breuer, Introduction to the Theory of Sets , page 41:
    • The equivalence theorem: If both M is equivalent''' to a subset N1 of N and N is '''equivalent''' to a subset M1 of M, then the sets M and N are '''equivalent to each other.
  • (mathematics) Relating to the corresponding elements of an equivalence relation.
  • (chemistry) Having the equal ability to combine.
  • (cartography) Of a map, equal-area.
  • (geometry) Equal in measure but not admitting of superposition; applied to magnitudes.
    • A square may be equivalent to a triangle.

    Usage notes

    * (en-usage-equal)

    Derived terms

    * (l)

    Noun

    (en noun)
  • Anything that is virtually equal to something else, or has the same value, force, etc.
  • * Macaulay
    • He owned that, if the Test Act were repealed, the Protestants were entitled to some equivalent .
  • (chemistry) An equivalent weight.

    • Verb

    (en verb)
  • To make equivalent to; to equal.
    • ----

    substitute

    English

    Verb

    (substitut)
  • To use in place of something else, with the same function.
    • I had no shallots so I substituted onion.
  • In the phrase "substitute X for Y", to use X in place of Y. With increasing frequency used in the semantically opposite sense (see the OED's notes).
    • I had to substitute new parts for the old ones.
  • In the phrase "substitute X with/by Y", to use Y in place of X; to replace X with Y
    • I had to substitute old parts with the new ones. (This usage was formerly proscribed.)
  • (sports) To remove (a player) from the field of play and bring on another in his place.
    • He was playing poorly and was substituted after twenty minutes
  • * {{quote-news
    • , year=2011 , date=April 11 , author=Phil McNulty , title=Liverpool 3 - 0 Man City , work=BBC Sport citation , page= , passage=Mario Balotelli replaced Tevez but his contribution was so negligible that he suffered the indignity of being substituted himself as time ran out, a development that encapsulated a wretched 90 minutes for City and boss Roberto Mancini. }}
  • To serve as a replacement (for someone or something)
  • * 1987 , , Essays in Economics, Vol. 2 , p. 75
    • Accumulation of wealth by this route may substitute for personal saving.

    Usage notes

    The verb "to substitute" can be used transitively in two opposite ways. "To substitute X" may mean either "use X in place of something else" (as in definitions 1 and 2), or "use something else in place of X" (as in definitions 3 and 4). The latter use is more recent, but it is widespread and now generally accepted (see the COED's note on the matter). However, if the indirect object (the "something else") is omitted, the preposition is also omitted, and the reader or hearer cannot tell which sense is meant: * "Substitute butter for olive oil" = Use butter instead of olive oil * "Substitute olive oil for butter" = Use olive oil instead of butter * "Substitute butter" = ??? * "Substitute olive oil" = ???

    Noun

    (en noun)
  • A replacement or stand-in for something that achieves a similar result or purpose.
  • * De Quincey
    • Ladies [in Shakespeare's age] wore masks as the sole substitute known to our ancestors for the modern parasol.
  • (sports) A player who is available to replace another if the need arises, and who may or may not actually do so.
  • * {{quote-news
    • , year=2011 , date=November 3 , author=David Ornstein , title=Macc Tel-Aviv 1 - 2 Stoke , work=BBC Sport citation , page= , passage=Dean Whitehead opened the scoring shortly after the break with a low finish and substitute Peter Crouch sealed the win with a tap-in.}}
  • (historical) One who enlists for military service in the place of a conscript.

    • Synonyms

    * See also