Down vs Against - What's the difference?
down | against |
Hill, rolling grassland
* 1610 , , act 4 scene 1
* Ray
* Tennyson
(usually plural) Field, especially for racing.
(UK, mostly, in the plural) A tract of poor, sandy, undulating or hilly land near the sea, covered with fine turf which serves chiefly for the grazing of sheep.
* Sandys
A road for shipping in the English Channel or Straits of Dover, near Deal, employed as a naval rendezvous in time of war.
* Cook (First Voyage)
(lb) From a higher position to a lower one; downwards.
*
* , chapter=6
, title= (lb) At a lower place or position.
South (as south is at the bottom of typical maps).
(lb) Away from the city (even if the location is to the North).
Into a state of non-operation.
(lb) The direction leading away from the principal terminus, away from milepost zero.
(lb) Get down.
Away from Oxford or Cambridge.
From a remoter or higher antiquity.
* (and other bibliograpic details) (Daniel Webster)
From a greater to a less bulk, or from a thinner to a thicker consistence.
From less to greater detail.
* {{quote-magazine, date=2013-08-03, volume=408, issue=8847, magazine=(The Economist)
, title= (lb)
From the higher end to the lower of.
*
, title=(The Celebrity), chapter=5
, passage=We expressed our readiness, and in ten minutes were in the station wagon, rolling rapidly down the long drive, for it was then after nine. We passed on the way the van of the guests from Asquith.}}
From one end to another of.
Depressed, feeling low.
On a lower level than before.
Having a lower score than an opponent.
(baseball, colloquial, following the noun modified) Out.
(colloquial) With "on", negative about, hostile to
(not comparable, US, slang) Relaxed about, accepting of.
(not comparable) Inoperable; out of order; out of service.
Finished]] (of a task); defeated or [[deal with, dealt with (of an opponent or obstacle); elapsed (of time). Often coupled with to go (remaining).
(not comparable, military, police, slang, of a person) Wounded and unable to move normally; killed.
(not comparable, military, aviation, slang, of an aircraft) Mechanically failed, collided, shot down, or otherwise suddenly unable to fly.
Thoroughly practiced, learned or memorised; mastered.
* 2013 , P.J. Hoover, Solstice , (ISBN 0765334690), page 355:
(obsolete) Downright; absolute; positive.
To drink or swallow, especially without stopping before the vessel containing the liquid is empty.
To cause to come down; to knock down or subdue.
* Sir Philip Sidney
* Madame D'Arblay
(pocket billiards) To put a ball in a pocket; to pot a ball.
(American football) To bring a play to an end by touching the ball to the ground or while it is on the ground.
To write off; to make fun of.
(obsolete) To go down; to descend.
a negative aspect; a downer.
(dated) A grudge ((on) someone).
* 1974 , (GB Edwards), The Book of Ebenezer Le Page , New York 2007, p. 10:
An act of swallowing an entire drink in one.
(American football) A single play, from the time the ball is snapped (the start) to the time the whistle is blown (the end) when the ball is down'', or ''is downed .
(crosswords) A clue whose solution runs vertically in the grid.
An downstairs room of a two story house.
down payment
Soft, fluffy immature feathers which grow on young birds. Used as insulating material in duvets, sleeping bags and jackets.
(botany) The pubescence of plants; the hairy crown or envelope of the seeds of certain plants, such as the thistle.
The soft hair of the face when beginning to appear.
* Dryden
That which is made of down, as a bed or pillow; that which affords ease and repose, like a bed of down.
* Tennyson
* Southern
A close but separated relationship.
#In a contrary direction to.
#:
#Close to.(rfex)
#:
#*
, title=(The Celebrity), chapter=5
, passage=We expressed our readiness, and in ten minutes were in the station wagon, rolling rapidly down the long drive, for it was then after nine.
#In front of; before a background.
#:
#In physical contact with.
#:
#In physical opposition to, or in collision with.
#:
#*{{quote-book, year=1922, author=(Michael Arlen), title=
, passage=Ivor had acquired more than a mile of fishing rights with the house?; he was not at all a good fisherman, but one must do something?; one generally, however, banged a ball with a squash-racket against a wall.}}
A contrasting or competitive relationship.
#In contrast and/or comparison with.
#:
#In competition with, versus.
#:
#*
#*:“[…] it is not fair of you to bring against mankind double weapons ! Dangerous enough you are as woman alone, without bringing to your aid those gifts of mind suited to problems which men have been accustomed to arrogate to themselves.”
#*{{quote-news, year=2011, date=September 24, author=Aled Williams, work=BBC Sport
, title= #In opposition to.
#:
#*
, title=(The Celebrity), chapter=4
, passage=Mr. Cooke at once began a tirade against the residents of Asquith for permitting a sandy and generally disgraceful condition of the roads. So roundly did he vituperate the inn management in particular, and with such a loud flow of words, that I trembled lest he should be heard on the veranda.}}
#*{{quote-magazine, year=2013, month=May-June, author=
, title= In exchange for.(rfex)
As counterbalance to.(rfex)
As a charge on.(rfex)
As protection from.
:
*{{quote-journal, year=1988, date=March 1, author=Caroni, Pico, coauthors=Schwab, Martin E. , title=Antibody against myelin associated inhibitor of neurite growth neutralizes nonpermissive substrate properties of CNS white matter, journal=Neuron
, passage=Monoclonal antibodies were raised against these proteins: IN-1 and IN-2 bound both to the 35 kd and 250 kd inhibitors and to the surface of differentiated cultured oligodendrocytes.}}
(lb) Exposed to.(rfex)
In anticipation of; in preparation for (a particular time, event etc.).
*, II.11:
*:He wrote to a friend of his, that he lived but with browne bread and water, and entreated him to send him a piece of cheese, against the time he was to make a solemne feast.
(obsolete) By the time that (something happened); before.
* , II.ix:
* 1749 , Henry Fielding, Tom Jones , Folio Society 1973, p. 6:
In opposition to something.
(gambling) Having a specified likelihood of not winning or happening.
As a proper noun down
is one of the counties of northern ireland.As a preposition against is
a close but separated relationship .As a conjunction against is
(obsolete) by the time that (something happened); before.As an adverb against is
in opposition to something.down
English
(wikipedia down)Etymology 1
(etyl) doun, from (etyl) , from British Celtic dunon'' 'hill; hillfort' (compare Welsh ''din'' 'hill', Irish ''dún'' 'hill, fort'), from (etyl) *''dheue'' or ''dhwene . More at (town); akin to (dune).Noun
- Churchill Downs', Upson '''Downs (from ''Auntie Mame , by Patrick Dennis).
- And with each end of thy blue bow dost crown
- My bosky acres and my unshrubb'd down
- Hills afford prospects, as they must needs acknowledge who have been on the downs of Sussex.
- She went by dale, and she went by down .
- Seven thousand broad-tailed sheep grazed on his downs .
- On the 11th [June, 1771] we run up the channel at noon we were abreast of Dover, and about three came to an anchor in the Downs , and went ashore at Deal.
Etymology 2
(etyl) .Adverb
- It was April 22, 1831, and a young man was walking down Whitehall in the direction of Parliament Street. He wore shepherd's plaid trousers and the swallow-tail coat of the day, with a figured muslin cravat wound about his wide-spread collar.
Mr. Pratt's Patients, passage=She was so mad she wouldn't speak to me for quite a spell, but at last I coaxed her into going up to Miss Emmeline's room and fetching down a tintype of the missing Deacon man.}}
- Venerable men! you have come down to us from a former generation.
- (Arbuthnot)
Boundary problems, passage=Economics is a messy discipline: too fluid to be a science, too rigorous to be an art. Perhaps it is fitting that economists’ most-used metric, gross domestic product (GDP), is a tangle too. GDP measures the total value of output in an economic territory. Its apparent simplicity explains why it is scrutinised down to tenths of a percentage point every month.}}
Usage notes
* Down' can be used with verbs in ways that change the meaning of the verb in ways not entirely predictable from the meanings of the ' down and the verb, though related to them. See .Antonyms
* (From a higher position to a lower one) up * (At a lower place) up * up * (Into a state of non-operation) up * upPreposition
(English prepositions)Antonyms
* (From the higher end to the lower) upDerived terms
* (from the higher end to the lower) sell down the riverAdjective
(en adjective)- So, things got you down ? / Is Rodney Dangerfield giving you no respect? / Well, bunky, cheer up!
- The stock market is down .
- Prices are down .
- They are down by 3-0 with just 5 minutes to play.
- He was down by a bishop and a pawn after 15 moves.
- At 5-1 down , she produced a great comeback to win the set on a tiebreak.
- Two down and one to go in the bottom of the ninth.
- Ever since Nixon, I've been down on Republicans.
- Are you down to hang out at the mall, Jamal?
- As long as you're down with helping me pick a phone, Tyrone.
- ''The system is down .
- Two down and three to go. (Two tasks completed and three more still to be done.)
- Ten minutes down and nothing's happened yet.
- We have an officer down outside the suspect's house.
- There are three soldiers down and one walking wounded.
- We have a chopper down near the river .
- It's two weeks until opening night and our lines are still not down yet.
- I stay with Chloe the longest. When she's not hanging out at the beach parties, she lives in a Japanese garden complete with an arched bridge spanning a pond filled with koi of varying sizes and shapes. Reeds shoot out of the water, rustling when the fish swim through them, and river-washed stones are sprinkled in a bed of sand. Chloe has this whole new Japanese thing down .
- a down denial
- (Beaumont and Fletcher)
Antonyms
* (Depressed) up * (On a lower level) up * (Having a lower score) up * (Inoperable) upVerb
(en verb)- He downed an ale and ordered another.
- The storm downed several old trees along the highway.
- To down proud hearts.
- I remember how you downed Beauclerk and Hamilton, the wits, once at our house.
- He downed two balls on the break.
- He downed it at the seven-yard line.
- (John Locke)
Synonyms
* (drink) See alsoNoun
(en noun)- I love almost everything about my job. The only down is that I can't take Saturdays off.
- She had a down on me. I don't know what for, I'm sure; because I never said a word.
- I bet after the third down , the kicker will replace the quarterback on the field.
- I haven't solved 12 or 13 across, but I've got most of the downs .
- She lives in a two-up two-down .
Derived terms
* down and out * down at heel * down for the count * down in the dumps * down in the mouth * down memory lane * down on one's luck * down payment * down pat * downed (US and Canadian football) * downer * down to the short strokes * first down (US and Canadian football) * fourth down (US football) * second down (US and Canadian football) * third down (US and Canadian football) * top-down * upside downReferences
* Andrea Tyler and Vyvyan Evans, "Spatial particles of orientation", in The Semantics of English Prepositions: Spatial Scenes, Embodied Meaning and Cognition , Cambridge University Press, 2003, 0-521-81430 8Etymology 3
From (etyl) .Noun
- The first down begins to shade his face.
- When in the down I sink my head, / Sleep, Death's twin brother, times my breath.
- Thou bosom softness, down of all my cares!
Statistics
* 100 English basic words English locatives English intensifiers 1000 English basic words ----against
English
Alternative forms
* againest (obsolete), agaynst (obsolete), agaynest (obsolete) * agenst (obsolete), agenest (obsolete), ageinst (obsolete), ageinest (qualifier), ageynst (obsolete), ageynest (qualifier), agin (colloquial or humorous)Preposition
(English prepositions)“Piracy”: A Romantic Chronicle of These Days, chapter=3/19/2
Chelsea 4-1 Swansea, passage=The breakthrough came through Torres who, pilloried for his miss against Manchester United a week earlier, scored his second goal of the season.}}
David Van Tassel], [http://www.americanscientist.org/authors/detail/lee-dehaan Lee DeHaan
Wild Plants to the Rescue, volume=101, issue=3, magazine=(American Scientist), passage=Plant breeding is always a numbers game.
citation
Synonyms
* (in competition with) versusAntonyms
* for * withConjunction
(head)- Thence she them brought into a stately Hall, / Wherein were many tables faire dispred, / And ready dight with drapets festiuall, / Against the viaundes should be ministred.
- He now gave Mrs Deborah positive orders to take the child to her own bed, and to call up a maid-servant to provide it pap, and other things, against it waked.