Noun

(dichotomies)

A separation or division into two; a distinction that results in such a division.

* 1989', Carole Pateman, ''6: Feminist Critiques of the Public/Private '''Dichotomy'' , ''The Disorder of Women: Democracy, Feminism, and Political Theory , page 118,

The dichotomy' between the private and the public is central to almost two centuries of feminist writing and political struggle; it is, ultimately, what the feminist movement is all about. Although some feminists treat the ' dichotomy as a universal, trans-historical and trans-cultural feature of human existence, feminist criticism is primarily directed at the separation and opposition between the public and private spheres in liberal theory and practice.

* 2003 , Thérèse Encrenaz et al''., Storm Dunlop (translator), ''The Solar System'' [''Système Solaire ], page 232,

The dichotomy between maria and highlands dominates lunar mineralogy.

* 2005 , S. P. Naidu, Public Administration: Concepts And Theories , page 55,

Despite some contradictions found in the essay, its major emphasis is laid on the politics-administration dichotomy' theory. It is largely devoted to the argument concerning the separability of politics and administration. The politics-administration ' dichotomy initiated by Wilson was later elaborated by Frank J. Goodnow in his work, “Politics and Administration” (1900).

* 2008 , N. Gregory Mankiw, Principles of Economics , 6th Edition, page 723,

All of this previous analysis was based on two related ideas: the classical dichotomy' and monetary neutrality. Recall that the classical ' dichotomy is the separation of variables into real variables (those that measure quantities or relative prices) and nominal variables (those measured in terms of money).

Such a division involving apparently incompatible or opposite principles; a duality.

(logic) The division of a class into two disjoint subclasses that are together comprehensive, as the division of man'' into ''white'' and ''not white .

* 2011 , Patrick J. Hurley, A Concise Introduction to Logic , page 162,

But in the fallacy of false dichotomy , not only do the two alternatives fail to be jointly exhaustive, but they are not even likely. As a result, the disjunctive premise is false, or at least probably false.

* 2011 , Tomasz A. Gorarzd, Jacek Krzaczkowski, The Complexity of Problems Connected with Two-Element Algebras'', Pawe? M. Idziak, AndrzejWronski, ''Reports on Mathematical Logic: No. 46 , page 92,

One can ask if for any algebra the considered problem is always in P or NP-complete (P or coNP-complete)? For example, the problem of the satisfiability of a system of polynomial equations over a group G is in P if G is abelian and NP-complete otherwise ([7, 13]).

One of the most widely known subclasses of NP which exhibits such a dichotomy', is the class of constraint satisfaction problems (CSP) on the set {0,1}, see [16]. Recently Bulatov proved the ' dichotomy for CSP on a three-element set [3].

(biology, taxonomy) The division of a genus into two species; a division into two subordinate parts.

(astronomy) A phase of the moon when it appears half lit and half dark, as at the quadratures.

* 1854 , Edward Greswell, Origines Kalendariæ Italicæ: Tables of the Roman Calendar , Volume 1, page 261,

The Ides of Januarius indeed, the preceding month, must have fallen on March 1 at midnight, two days before the first dichotomy of the mean new moon of that month, March 3 at midnight.

(biology) Successive division and subdivision; successive bifurcation, as of a stem of a plant or a vein of the body into two parts as it proceeds from its origin.

(biology) A fork (bifurcation) in a stem or vein.

* 1969 , J. F. Rigby, Permian Sphenopsids from Antarctica'', ''Geological Survey Professional Paper 613-F , page F-9,

In one forked leaf there is a distinct vein dichotomy', and the leaf boundary commences 1.5 mm above the ' dichotomy .

* 2010 , V. Singh, P. C. Pande, D. K. Jain, Text Book Of Botany: Diversity Of Microbes And Cryptogams , 4th Edition, page 511,

In most of the creeping species with dorsiventral stems (e.g., S. kraussiana'', ''S. laevigata'') roots arise at or close to the point of dichotomy'''; in species like ''S. rupestris'' and ''S. wallichii'' they arise at the point of '''dichotomy as well as other positions and in ''S. selaginoides'' and ''S. spinulosa they arise from knot like swellings present at the basal portion of the stem.

Noun

(es)

A self-contradictory statement, which can only be true if it is false, and vice versa.

"This sentence is false" is a paradox .

* {{quote-book, 1962, Abraham Wolf, Textbook of Logic, page=255 citation

, passage=According to one version of an ancient paradox , an Athenian is supposed to say "I am a liar." It is then argued that if the statement is true, then he is telling the truth, and is therefore not a liar

A counterintuitive conclusion or outcome.

It is an interesting paradox that drinking a lot of water can often make you feel thirsty.

* 1983 May 21, (Ronald Reagan), "",

The most fundamental paradox is that if we're never to use force, we must be prepared to use it and to use it successfully.

A claim that two apparently contradictory ideas are true.(jump)

Not having a fashion is a fashion; that's a paradox .

* {{quote-book, 1879, , The Complete Plays of Gilbert and Sullivan], year_published=1941, chapter=[[w:The Pirates of Penzance, The Pirates of Penzance]

, passage=How quaint the ways of Paradox ! / At common sense she gaily mocks! / Though counting in the usual way years twenty-one I've been alive, / Yet reck'ning by my natal day, / Yet reck'ning by my natal day, / I am a little boy of five!}}

A person or thing having contradictory properties.

He is a paradox ; you would not expect him in that political party.

* {{quote-book, 1999, Virginia Henley, A Year and a Day citation

, passage=You are a paradox of bitch and angel.}}

An unanswerable question or difficult puzzle, particularly one which leads to a deeper truth.

* {{quote-book, 1994, James Joseph Pirkl, Transgenerational Design, page=3 citation

, passage=And only by dismantling our preconceptions of age can we be free to understand the paradox : How young are the old?}}

(obsolete) A statement which is difficult to believe, or which goes against general belief.

* {{quote-book, 1594, William Shakespeare, The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, section=

, passage=Ay, truly; for the power of beauty will sooner / transform honesty from what it is to a bawd than the / force of honesty can translate beauty into his / likeness: this was sometime a paradox , but now the / time gives it proof. }}

* 1615 , Ralph Hamor, A True Discourse of the Present State of Virginia , Richmond 1957, p. 3

they contended to make that Maxim'', that there is no faith to be held with Infidels, a meere and absurd ''Paradox [...].

(uncountable) The use of counterintuitive or contradictory statements (paradoxes) in speech or writing.

* {{quote-book, 1906, (Richard Holt Hutton), Brief Literary Criticisms, page=40 citation

, passage=The need for paradox is no doubt rooted deep in the very nature of the use we make of language. }}

(uncountable, philosophy) A state in which one is logically compelled to contradict oneself.

* {{quote-book, 1866, Edward Poste, Aristotle on Fallacies, Or, The Sophistici Elenchi, page=43 citation

, passage=Thus, like modern disputants, they aimed either to confute the respondent or to land him in paradox . }}

(uncountable, psychotherapy) The practice of giving instructions that are opposed to the therapist's actual intent, with the intention that the client will disobey or be unable to obey.(jump)

* {{quote-book, 1988, Martin Lakin, Ethical Issues in the Psychotherapies, page=103 citation

, passage=Defiance-based paradox is employed so that the family will actively oppose and deliberately sabotage the prescription. }}