In chemistry|lang=en terms the difference between dendron and monodendron

is that dendron is (chemistry) a section of a dendrimer that includes the central atom or group while monodendron is (chemistry) a dendron having a single connection to the central atom or group.

As nouns the difference between dendron and monodendron

is that dendron is (cytology) a slender projection of a nerve cell which conducts nerve impulses from a synapse to the body of the cell; a dendrite while monodendron is (mathematics) a maximal connected subgraph of a dendrimer that shares only the coalescence node with a core.