What is the difference between copula and verb?
copula | verb |
(linguistics, grammar) A word, usually a verb, used to link the subject of a sentence with a predicate (usually a subject complement or an adverbial), that unites or associates the subject with the predicate.
* 1994', Randall Hendrick, ''8: The Brythonic Celtic '''copula and head raising'', David Lightfoot, Norbert Hornstein (editors), ''Verb Movement ,
* 2002 , Quentin Smith, Language and Time ,
* 2003', Giuliano Bernini, ''The '''copula in learner Italian: Finiteness and verbal inflection'', Christine Dimroth, Marianne Starren (editors), ''Information Structure and the Dynamics of Language Acquisition ,
* 2006', Christine Czinglar, Antigone Kati?i?, Katharina Köhler, Chris Schaner-Wolles, ''Strategies in the L1-Acquisition of Predication: The '''Copula Construction in German and Croatian , Natalia Gagarina, Insa Gülzow (editors),
(statistics) A function that represents the association between two or more variables, independent of the individual marginal distributions of the variables.
* {{quote-news, year=2009, date=March 10, author=Dennis Overbye, title=Mathematical Model and the Mortgage Mess, work=New York Times
, passage=In 2000, David X. Li, a banker with a doctorate in statistics who was then at RiskMetrics, part of J. P. Morgan Chase, began using mathematical functions called Gaussian copulas to estimate the likelihood of corporations’ dying in unison.}}
* 2009 , N. Balakrishnan, Chin-Diew Lai, Continuous Bivariate Distributions ,
* 2011 , Julian Shaw, Chapter 16: Julian Shaw'', Richard R. Lindsey, Barry Schachter (editors), ''How I Became a Quant: Insights from 25 of Wall Street's Elite ,
* 2011', Ostap Okhrin, ''Chapter 17: Fitting High-Dimensional '''Copulae to Data'', Jin-Chuan Duan, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, James E. Gentle (editors), ''Handbook of Computational Finance ,
(music) A device that connects two or more keyboards of an organ.
(grammar) A word that indicates an action, event, or state.
(obsolete) Any word; a vocable.
(transitive, nonstandard, colloquial) To use any word that is not a verb (especially a noun) as if it were a verb.
* a. 1981 Feb 22, unknown Guardian editor as quoted by William Safire, On Language'', in ''New York Times , pSM3
* 1997 , David. F. Griffiths, Desmond J. Higham, learning LATEX , p8
* 2005 Oct 5, Jeffrey Mattison, Letters'', in ''The Christian Science Monitor , p8
To perform any action that is normally expressed by a verb.
* 1946 : Rand Corporation, The Rand Paper Series
* 1964 : Journal of Mathematical Psychology
* 1998 : Marilyn A. Walker, Aravind Krishna Joshi, Centering Theory in Discourse
As nouns the difference between copula and verb
is that copula is a word, usually a verb, used to link the subject of a sentence with a predicate (usually a subject complement or an adverbial), that unites or associates the subject with the predicate while verb is a word that indicates an action, event, or state.As a verb verb is
to use any word that is not a verb (especially a noun) as if it were a verb.copula
English
(wikipedia copula)Noun
(en-noun)page 163,
- I begin by arguing in section 2 that there are in fact at least two Celtic copulas', a grammatical '''copula''' that simply spells out tense and agreement, and a substantive ' copula formed on a lexically listed verbal stem.
page 189,
- The theory of conjunctively tensed copulae will be developed and stated with more precision in the following section.
page 159,
- This paper explores the position of the copula in the development of the verb system in second language acquisition of Italian.
page 95,
- The present study focuses on the acquisition of a specific verbal element, namely the copula , in predicative constructions in a cross-linguistic perspective (English, German, Croatian).
citation
page 59,
- There is little statistical theoretical theory for copulas'. Sensitivity studies of estimation procedures and goodness-of-fit tests for ' copulas are unknown.
page 240,
- Copulas' provide an example of the haphazard evolution of quantitative finance. The key result is Sklar's theorem, which says that one can characterize any multivariate probability distribution by its '''copula''' (which specifies the correlation structure) and its marginal distributions (the conditional one dimensional distributions). Thus one can create multivariate distributions by mixing and matching ' copulas and marginal distributions.
page 482,
- A recently developed flexible method is provided by hierarchical Archimedean copulae (HAC).
Synonyms
* (grammar) linking verb, copular, copular verbDerived terms
* double copula * pseudocopula * semicopula * zero copulaReferences
* *See also
* * * *Anagrams
* ----verb
English
(wikipedia verb)Noun
(en noun)- The word “speak” is an English verb .
- (South)
Usage notes
Verbs compose a fundamental category of words in most languages. In an English clause, a verb forms the head of the predicate of the clause. In many languages, verbs uniquely conjugate for tense and aspect.Quotations
* 2001 — , Artemis Fowl , p 221 *: Then you could say that the doorway exploded. But the particular verb doesn't do the action justice. Rather, it shattered into infinitesimal pieces.Hyponyms
* See alsoDerived terms
* adverb * anomalous verb * auxiliary verb * boot verb * copular verb * coverb * defective verb * ditransitive verb * dynamic verb * full verb * helping verb * impersonal verb * intransitive verb * irregular verb * linking verb * modal verb * passive verb * phrasal verb * preverb * reflexive verb * regular verb * serial verb * stative verb * subject-verb agreement * transitive verb * verb inflection * verb phrase * verb tense * verbal * verbal complement * verbal noun * verbal regency * verbless clauseVerb
(en verb)- Haig, in congressional hearings before his confirmatory, paradoxed his auditioners by abnormalling his responds so that verbs were nouned, nouns verbed and adjectives adverbised. He techniqued a new way to vocabulary his thoughts so as to informationally uncertain anybody listening about what he had actually implicationed... .
- Nouns should never be verbed .
- In English, verbing nouns is okay
- For example, one-part versions of the proposition "The doctor pursued the lawyer" were "The doctor verbed the object," ...
- Each sentence had the same basic structure: ''The subject transitive verbed''' the object who intransitive '''verbed in the location''.
- The sentence frame was ''Dan verbed Ben approaching the store''. This sentence frame was followed in all cases by ''He went inside''.
