Close vs And - What's the difference?

close | and |

As a verb close

is (label) to remove a gap.

As a noun close

is an end or conclusion or close can be an enclosed field.

As an adjective close

is closed, shut.

As a proper noun and is

close

English

Etymology 1

From (etyl) .

Verb

(clos)

(label) To remove a gap.

# To obstruct (an opening).

# To move so that an opening is closed.

#* (Lord Byron) (1788-1824)

What deep wounds ever closed without a scar?

#*:If I close my eyes I can see Marie today as I saw her then. Round, rosy face, snub nose, dark hair piled up in a chignon.

# To make (e.g. a gap) smaller.

# To grapple; to engage in close combat.

#* (1796-1859)

They boldly closed in a hand-to-hand contest.

(label) To finish, to terminate.

# To put an end to; to conclude; to complete; to finish; to consummate.

#* (John Dryden) (1631-1700)

One frugal supper did our studies close .

# To come to an end.

# (label) To make a sale.

# To make the final outs, usually three, of a game.

# To terminate an application, window, file or database connection, etc.

To come or gather around; to enclose; to encompass; to confine.

* Bible, (w) ii. 5

The depth closed me round about.

* (George Herbert) (1593-1633)

But now Thou dost Thyself immure and close / In some one corner of a feeble heart; / Where yet both Sinne and Satan, Thy old foes, / Do pinch and straiten Thee, and use much art / To gain Thy thirds' and little part.

(label) To have a vector sum of 0; that is, to form a closed polygon.

Synonyms

* close off, close up, cover, shut, shut off * shut * (put an end to) end, finish, terminate, wind up, close down * narrow * (terminate a computer program) close out, exit

Antonyms

* open * open * (put an end to) begin, commence, initiate, start * extend, widen * (terminate a computer program) open, start

Derived terms

* autoclosing * case closed * close down * close in * close off * close one's eyes * close out * close ranks * close the door on * close the face * close up *

Noun

(en noun)

An end or conclusion.

We owe them our thanks for bringing the project to a successful close .

* Macaulay

His long and troubled life was drawing to a close .

The manner of shutting; the union of parts; junction.

* Chapman

The doors of plank were; their close exquisite.

A grapple in wrestling.

(Francis Bacon)

(music) The conclusion of a strain of music; cadence.

* Dryden

At every close she made, the attending throng / Replied, and bore the burden of the song.

(music) A double bar marking the end.

Synonyms

* (end) end, finale

Antonyms

* (end) beginning, start

Etymology 2

From (etyl) clos, from (etyl) clausum, participle of (m).

Adjective

(er)

Closed, shut.

* 1526 , William Tyndale, trans. Bible , Matthew chapter 8:

There is nothinge so close , that shall not be openned, and nothinge so hyd that shall not be knowen.

* Dryden

From a close bower this dainty music flowed.

Narrow; confined.

a close''' alley; '''close quarters

* Charles Dickens

a close prison

At a little distance; near.

* , chapter=7

, title= The Mirror and the Lamp , passage=[…] St.?Bede's at this period of its history was perhaps the poorest and most miserable parish in the East End of London. Close -packed, crushed by the buttressed height of the railway viaduct, rendered airless by huge walls of factories, it at once banished lively interest from a stranger's mind and left only a dull oppression of the spirit.}}

* {{quote-magazine, date=2013-06-01, volume=407, issue=8838, page=71, magazine=(The Economist)

, title= End of the peer show , passage=Finance is seldom romantic. But the idea of peer-to-peer lending comes close . This is an industry that brings together individual savers and lenders on online platforms. Those that want to borrow are matched with those that want to lend.}}

Intimate; well-loved.

# (legal) Of a corporation or other business entity, closely held.

Oppressive; without motion or ventilation; causing a feeling of lassitude.

* Francis Bacon

If the rooms be low-roofed, or full of windows and doors, the one maketh the air close , and the other maketh it exceeding unequal.

Hot, humid, with no wind.

(linguistics, phonetics, of a vowel) Articulated with the tongue body relatively close to the hard palate.

Strictly confined; carefully guarded.

a close prisoner

(obsolete) Out of the way of observation; secluded; secret; hidden.

* Bible, 1 Chron. xii. 1

He yet kept himself close because of Saul.

* Spenser

her close intent

Nearly equal; almost evenly balanced.

a close contest

Short.

to cut grass or hair close

(archaic) Dense; solid; compact.

* John Locke

The golden globe being put into a press, the water made itself way through the pores of that very close metal.

(archaic) Concise; to the point.

close reasoning

* Dryden

Where the original is close no version can reach it in the same compass.

(dated) Difficult to obtain.

Money is close .

(Bartlett)

(dated) Parsimonious; stingy.

* Hawthorne

a crusty old fellow, as close as a vice

Adhering strictly to a standard or original; exact.

a close translation

(John Locke)

Accurate; careful; precise; also, attentive; undeviating; strict.

The patient was kept under close observation.

Synonyms

* (at a little distance) close by, near, nearby * (intimate) intimate * muggy, oppressive * (articulated with the tongue body relatively close to the hard palate) high

Antonyms

* (at a little distance) distant, far, far away, far off, remote * (intimate) aloof, cool, distant * (articulated with the tongue body relatively close to the hard palate) open

Derived terms

* close call * closely * closeness * close shave * close-up * thisclose

Noun

(en noun)

An enclosed field.

(British) A street that ends in a dead end.

(Scotland) A very narrow alley between two buildings, often overhung by one of the buildings above the ground floor.

(Scotland) The common staircase in a tenement.

A cathedral close.

* Macaulay

closes surrounded by the venerable abodes of deans and canons.

(legal) The interest which one may have in a piece of ground, even though it is not enclosed.

(Bouvier)

Synonyms

* (street) cul-de-sac

Statistics

Anagrams

* English ergative verbs English heteronyms 1000 English basic words ----

and

English

(wikipedia and)

Etymology 1

From (etyl) and, an, from (etyl) and, ond, .

Alternative forms

* et (obsolete)

Conjunction

(English Conjunctions)

As a coordinating conjunction; expressing two elements to be taken together or in addition to each other.

#Used simply to connect two noun phrases, adjectives or adverbs.

#* c. 1430' (reprinted '''1888 ), Thomas Austin, ed., ''Two Fifteenth-century Cookery-books. Harleian ms. 279 (ab. 1430), & Harl. ms. 4016 (ab. 1450), with Extracts from Ashmole ms. 1429, Laud ms. 553, & Douce ms. 55 [Early English Text Society, Original Series; 91], London: 374760, page 11:

Soupes dorye. — Take gode almaunde mylke

#*:

#*:In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth.

#*1817 , (Jane Austen), Persuasion :

#*:as for Mrs. Smith, she had claims of various kinds to recommend her quickly and permanently.

#*2011 , Mark Townsend, The Guardian , 5 November:

#*:‘The UKBA has some serious explaining to do if it is routinely carrying out such abusive and unlawful inspections.’

#Simply connecting two clauses or sentences.

#*1991 , (Jung Chang), Wild Swans :

#*:When she saw several boys carrying a huge wooden case full of porcelain, she mumbled to Jinming that she was going to have a look, and left the room.

#*2011 , Helena Smith & Tom Kington, The Guardian , 5 November:

#*:"Consensus is essential for the country," he said, adding that he was not "tied" to his post and was willing to step aside.

#Introducing a clause or sentence which follows on in time or consequence from the first.

#*1996 , David Beasley, Chocolate for the Poor :

#*:‘But if you think you can get it, Christian, you're a fool. Set one foot upcountry and I'll kill you.’

#*2004 , Will Buckley, The Observer :, 22 August:

#*:One more error and all the good work she had done on Friday would be for nought.

#(label) Yet; but.

#*1611 , Authorised (King James) Version, Bible , Matthew XXII:

#*:Hee said, I goe sir, and went not.

#Used to connect certain numbers: connecting units when they precede tens (not dated); connecting tens and units to hundreds, thousands etc. (now chiefly UK); to connect fractions to wholes.

#*1863 , (Abraham Lincoln), ‘Gettysburg Address’:

#*:Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth, upon this continent, a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that "all men are created equal".

#*:In Chicago these latter were receiving, for the most part, eighteen and a half cents an hour, and the unions wished to make this the general wage for the next year.

#*1956 , (Dodie Smith), (title):

#*:The One Hundred and One Dalmatians.

# Used to connect more than two elements together in a chain, sometimes to stress the number of elements.

#*1623 , (William Shakespeare), Julius Caesar , First Folio, II.2:

#*:And these does she apply, for warnings and' portents, / ' And euils imminent; and on her knee / Hath begg'd, that I will stay at home to day.

#*1939 , Langley, Ryerson & Woolf, The Wizard of Oz (screenplay):

#*:Lions, and' tigers, ' and bears! Oh, my!

#Connecting two identical elements, with implications of continued or infinite repetition.

#*1611 , Authorised (King James) Version, Bible , Psalms CXLV:

#*:I will extol thee, my God, O king; and I will bless thy name for ever and ever.

#*2011 , Jonathan Watts, The Guardian , 18 March:

#*:He was at work in a nearby city when the tsunami struck. ‘As soon as I saw it, I called home. It rang and rang, but there was no answer.’

#Introducing a parenthetical or explanatory clause.

#*1918 , , Prime Ministers and Some Others :

#*:The word "capable" occurs in Mr. Fisher's Bill, and rightly, because our mental and physical capacities are infinitely varied.

#*2008 , The Guardian , 29 Jan 2008:

#*:President Pervez Musharraf is undoubtedly sincere in his belief that he, and he alone, can save Pakistan from the twin perils of terrorism and anarchy.

#Introducing the continuation of narration from a previous understood point; also used alone as a question: ‘and so what?’.

#*1611 , Authorised (King James) Version, Bible , Revelation XIV:

#*:And I heard a voice from heaven, as the voice of many waters, and as the voice of a great thunder: and I heard the voice of harpers harping with their harps.

#*1861 , (Charles Dickens), Great Expectations :

#*:‘You take it smoothly now,’ said I, ‘but you were very serious last night, when you swore it was Death.’ ‘And so I swear it is Death,’ said he, putting his pipe back in his mouth.

#*1914 , (Saki), ‘The Lull’, Beasts and Superbeasts :

#*:‘And , Vera,’ added Mrs. Durmot, turning to her sixteen-year-old niece, ‘be careful what colour ribbon you wear in your hair.’

#*1817 , (Jane Austen), Sanditon :

#*:Beyond paying her a few charming compliments and amusing her with gay conversation, had he done anything at all to try and gain her affection?

#*1989 , (James Kelman), A Disaffection :

#*:Remember and help yourself to the soup! called Gavin.

#Introducing a qualitative difference between things having the same name; "as well as other".

#*1936 , The Labour Monthly , vol. XVIII:

#*:Undoubtedly every party makes mistakes. But there are mistakes and mistakes.

#*1972 , Esquire , vol. LXXVIII:

#*:"There are managers and there are managers," he tells me. "I'm totally involved in every aspect of Nina's career."

#Used to combine numbers in addition; plus (with singular or plural verb).

#*1791 , (James Boswell), Life of Samuel Johnson :

#*:‘Nobody attempts to dispute that two and two make four: but with contests concerning moral truth, human passions are generally mixed.’

#*1871 , (Lewis Carroll), Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There :

#*:‘Can you do Addition?’ the White Queen asked. ‘What's one and' one '''and''' one '''and''' one '''and''' one '''and''' one '''and''' one '''and''' one '''and''' one ' and one?’

(label) Expressing a condition.

#*1485 , Sir Thomas Malory, Le Morte Darthur , Book VII:

#*:"Where ys Sir Launcelot?" seyde King Arthure. "And he were here, he wolde nat grucche to do batayle for you."

#*1526 , William Tyndale, trans. Bible , Matthew XIV:

#*:Peter answered, and sayde: master, and thou be he, bidde me come unto the on the water.

#*1958 , (Shirley Ann Grau), The Hard Blue Sky :

#*:"And he went slower," Mike said softly, "he go better."

#(label) As if, as though.

#*1600 , (William Shakespeare), A Midsummer Night's Dream , I.2:

#*:I will roare you, and 'twere any Nightingale.

#(label) Even though.

#*Francis Bacon

#*:As they will set an house on fire, and it were but to roast their eggs.

Quotations

* (English Citations of "and")

Usage notes

(Usage notes)

Beginning a sentence with and or other coordinating conjunctions is considered incorrect by classical grammarians arguing that a coordinating conjunction at the start of a sentence has nothing to connect, but use of the word in this way is very common. The practice will be found in literature from Anglo-Saxon times onwards, especially as an aid to continuity in narrative and dialogue. The OED'' provides examples from the 9^th century to the 19^th century, including one from Shakespeare’s ''King John:'' “''Arthur''. Must you with hot Irons, burne out both mine eyes? ''Hubert.'' Young boy, I must. ''Arthur''. And will you? ''Hubert . And I will.” It is also used for other rhetorical purposes, especially to denote surprise
(O John! and you have seen him! And are you really going?—1884 in OED )
and sometimes just to introduce an improvised afterthought
(I’m going to swim. And don’t you dare watch—G. Butler, 1983)
It is, however, poor style to separate short statements into separate sentences when no special effect is needed: I opened the door and I looked into the room'' (not *''I opened the door. And I looked into the room''). Combining sentences or starting with ''in addition'' or ''moreover is preferred in formal writing.
is often omitted for contextual effects of various kinds, especially between sequences of descriptive adjectives which can be separated by commas or simply by spaces
(The teeming jerrybuilt dun-coloured traffic-ridden deafening city—Penelope Lively, 1987)
is a well-established tag added to the end of a statement, as in
Isn’t it amazing? He has a Ph.D. and all—J. Shute, 1992
With the nominal meaning “also, besides, in addition”, the use has origins in dialect, as can be seen from the material from many regions given in the English Dialect Dictionary (often written in special ways, e.g., ). In many of the examples it seems to lack any perceptible lexical meaning and to be just a rhythmical device to eke out a sentence.

Synonyms

* (used to connect two similar words or phrases) as well as, together with, in addition to * (informal)

Etymology 2

From (etyl) ande, from (etyl) .

Alternative forms

* aynd, eind, eynd, yane, end

Noun

(en noun)

Breath.

Sea-mist; water-smoke.

Etymology 3

From (etyl) anden, from (etyl) . See above.

Alternative forms

* eind, eynd, ein

Verb

(en verb)

To breathe; whisper; devise; imagine.

Statistics

Anagrams

* 100 English basic words English coordinating conjunctions 1000 English basic words ----