Challenge vs Testa - What's the difference?
challenge | testa |
A confrontation; a dare.
# An instigation or antagonization intended to convince a person to perform an action they otherwise would not.
#*{{quote-magazine, date=2013-11-30, volume=409, issue=8864, magazine=(The Economist), author=Paul Davis
, title= # A bid to overcome something.
#* {{quote-news, year=2012, date=May 5, author=Phil McNulty, work=BBC Sport
, title= # (sports) An attempt to take possession; a tackle
#* {{quote-news, year=2011, date=October 1, author=Saj Chowdhury, work=BBC Sport
, title= # A summons to fight a duel; also, the letter or message conveying the summons.
# The act of a sentry in halting a person and demanding the countersign, or (by extension) the action of a computer system demanding a password, etc.
A difficult task, especially one that the person making the attempt finds more enjoyable because of that difficulty.
(label) A procedure or action.
# (legal, rare) A judge's interest in the result of the case for which he or she should not be allowed to sit the case, e.g. a conflict of interest.
# The act of appealing a ruling or decision of a court of administrative agency.
# The act of seeking to remove a judge, arbitrator or other judicial or semi-judicial figure for reasons of alleged bias or incapacity.
# (label) An exception to a person as not legally qualified to vote. The challenge must be made when the ballot is offered.
(label) The opening and crying of hounds at first finding the scent of their game.
To invite someone to take part in a competition.
* (William Shakespeare) (1564-1616)
To dare someone.
* (John Locke) (1632-1705)
To dispute something.
(label) To make a formal objection to a juror.
(label) To claim as due; to demand as a right.
* (Joseph Addison) (1672-1719)
(label) To censure; to blame.
* Holland
(label) To question or demand the countersign from (one who attempts to pass the lines).
(label) To object to the reception of the vote of, e.g. on the ground that the person is not qualified as a voter.
(botany) A seed coat.
* 1840 , James Scott Bowerbank, A History of the Fossil Fruits and Seeds of the London Clay ,
* 1969 , C. W. Bennett, Seed Transmission of Plant Viruses'', Alison Smith, ''Advances in Virus Research , Volume 14,
* 1977 , Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Australian Journal of Plant Physiology ,
* 2005 , D. W. Dickson, D. De Waele, Nematode Parasites of Peanut'', Michel Luc, Richard A. Sikora, John Bridge, ''Plant Parasitic Nematodes in Subtropical and Tropical Agriculture ,
* 2007 , J. Smartt, Evolution of American Phaseolus beans under domestication'', Peter John Ucko, G. W. Dimbleby (editors), ''The Domestication and Exploitation of Plants and Animals ,
(marine biology) The external calciferous shell, or endoskeleton, of an echinoderm; the test.
As a verb challenge
is .As a noun testa is
head.challenge
English
(wikipedia challenge)Noun
(en noun)Letters: Say it as simply as possible, passage=Congratulations on managing to use the phrase “preponderant criterion” in a chart (“
On your marks”, November 9th). Was this the work of a kakorrhaphiophobic journalist set a challenge by his colleagues, or simply an example of glossolalia?}}
Chelsea 2-1 Liverpool, passage=For Liverpool, their season will now be regarded as a relative disappointment after failure to add the FA Cup to the Carling Cup and not mounting a challenge to reach the Champions League places.}}
Wolverhampton 1-2 Newcastle, passage=Argentine midfielder Jonas Gutierrez added a superb second when he surged past four challenges to fire in low.}}
Verb
(challeng)- By this I challenge him to single fight.
- I challenge any man to make any pretence to power by right of fatherhood.
- Challenge better terms.
- He complained of the emperorfrom them.
Synonyms
*testa
English
Noun
- The testa develops from the tissue, the integument, originally surrounding the ovule.
page 30,
- The seeds are furnished with a reticulated testa , very much in appearance like that of the seeds of two closely-allied pericarps in the cabinet of my friend Mr. Ward, of Wellclose-square, the names of which I have been unable to obtain, but which present strong evidence of belonging to the Malvaceæ .
page 224,
- In tests with the Lincoln and Virginia varieties of cowpea, Crowley (1959) found that, in plants infected with bean southern mosaic virus before blossoming, the virus was present in nearly 100% of the testae and endosperms of seeds of both varieties, but could not be detected in the embryos.
page 354,
- Thus, two conditions must be satisfied for the testas' to have this effect: contact between the '''testas''' and the radicle, and the presence of at least half of the ' testas .
page 419,
- A.[Aphelenchoides] arachidis is a parasite of pods, testae, roots and hypocotyls, but not the cotyledons, embryos or other parts of the plant (Bos, 1977a; Bridge et al., 1977).
page 458,
- One of the most remarkable features of cultivated beans is the enormous range of testa colours and patterns which can be found.