In historical terms the difference between farmer and planter
is that
farmer is one who takes taxes, customs, excise, or other duties, to collect for a certain rate per cent while
planter is any of the early English settlers, given the lands of the dispossessed Irish populace during the reign of Elizabeth I.
As nouns the difference between farmer and planter
is that
farmer is a person who works the land or who keeps livestock, especially on a farm while
planter is a box or pot for plants, usually large and standing on the floor.