As nouns the difference between salamander and chameleon
is that
salamander is a long, slender, chiefly terrestrial amphibian of the order Caudata, resembling a lizard or a newt while
chameleon is a small to mid-size reptile, of the family
Chamaeleonidae, and one of the best known lizard families able to change color and project its long tongue.
As a verb salamander
is to use a salamander (cooking utensil) in a cooking process.
As an adjective chameleon is
describing something that changes color.